第二部分进一步阅读书目(第2/6页)

中世纪史学家一直将基督教划分为拉丁基督教和希腊基督教,斯拉夫欧洲常常成为第三个组成部分。同样,与伊斯兰教的关系被忽略或者与总体描述分离开来加以对待。结果是强调了,也许多于实际理由,中世纪欧洲二者之间关系的区分,更别说整个欧亚大陆。Hugh Trevor-Roper,The Rise of Christian Europe(London,1965);Gustave E.von Grunebaum,Medieval Islam:A Study in Cultural Orientation,2nd ed.(Chicago,1955);和Robert S.Lopez,The Birth of Europe(New York,1967);超越了这种狭隘视野;如Lynn White Jr.,Medieval Technology and Social Change(Oxford,1962)。

近来关于中世纪经济史的著作围绕着亨利·皮朗在Mohammed and Charlgemagne(New York,1955)提出、在他的Economic and Social History of Medieval Europe(New York,197)一书中确立的“皮朗假设”而展开。The Cambridge Economic History of Europe,3 vols.(Cambridge,1941~63)反映了专家的一致意见;C.S.and C.S.L.Orwin,The Open Fields,2nd ed.(Oxford,1954)把农业的实际经验用于阐述争议众多的庄园土地类型。近来由杰出学者撰写的综合性著作包括:M.M.Postan,The Medieval Economy and Society:An Economic History of Britain,1100~1500(Berkeley,1972),和Robert S.Lopez,The Commercial Revolution of the Middle Ages (Englewood Cliffs,N.J.,1971)。

在政治事件方面,接受一份比大多数著作更有趣味更重要的书目似乎是最好的办法;Marc Bloch,Feudal Society(Chicago,1961);Carl Stephenson,Medieval Feudalism(Ithaca,N.Y.,1942);Sir Steven Runciman,A History of the Crusades,3 vols.(Cambridge,1951~54);Charles Homer Haskins,The Normans in European History (Boston,1915);Geoffrey Barraclough,The Origins of Modern Germany,2nd ed.(Oxford,1947);和P.H.Sawyer,The Age of Vikings(New York,1962)。

关于文化史,基于同样武断原则建议书目如下:R.W.Southern,The Making of the Middle Ages(New Haven,1953);Christopher Dawson,The Making of Europe(London,1932);John Huizinga,The Waning of the Middle Ages(London,1924);L.J.Daley,The Medieval University(New York,1961);Charles Homer Haskins,The Renaissance of the Twelfth Century(Cambridge,Mass.,1927);C.H.McIlwain,The Growth of Political Thought in the West(New York,1932);David Knowles,The Evolution of Medieval Thought(London,1962);Ernst Kitzinger,Early Medieval Art in the British Museum,2nd ed.(London,1955);Erwin Panofsky,Gothic Architecture and Scholasticism(Latrobe,Pa.,1951);Paul Oskar Kristeller,Renaissance Thought:The Classic,Scholastic and Humanist Strains,rev.ed.,2 vols.(New York,1961);Ernst Cassirer et al.eds.,The Renaissance Philosophy of Man(Chicago,1948)。David Talbot Rice,ed.,The Dawn of European Civilization(London,1965)是一部插图精美的介绍欧洲和近东艺术第一个千年纪的著作。两部总论性的著作追溯了欧洲的重要主题:Clarence Glacken,Traces on the Rhodian Shore(Berkeley,1967),讨论了欧洲关于自然的观念,和Herschel Baker,The Dignity of Man(Cambridge,Mass.,1947,新书名,The Image of Man,New York,1961)。

关于东欧的英语著作较少,但是下列著作值得推荐:Archibald R.Lewis,Naval Power and Trade in the Mediterranean,A.D.500~1000(Princeton,1951);Sir Steven Runciman,Byzantine Civilization(London,1933);William H.McNeill,Venice:The Hinge of Europe,1081~1797(Chicago,1974);Norman H.Baynes and H.St.L.B.Moss,eds.,Byzantium(Oxford,1961);Peter Charanis,Studies on the Demography of the Byzantine Empire:Collected Studies(London,1972);O.M.Dalton, East Christian Art:A Survey of the Monuments(Oxford,1925);N.P.Kondakov,The Russian Icon(Oxford,1927);George Vernadsky,A History of Russia,5 vols.(New Haven,1943),和Jerome Blum,Lord and Peasant in Russia(Princeton,1961)。