第四部分进一步阅读书目(第2/5页)

关于战后和20世纪30年代的“大萧条”,见Sally Marks,The Illusion of Peace:International Relations in Europe1918~1933 (New York,1976);Franz Borkenau,World Communism:A History of the Communist International(Ann Arbor,Mich.,1962);Hannah Arendt,The Origins of Totalitarianism(San Diego,1979);Ernst Nolte,Three Faces of Fascism:Action Francaise,Italian Fascism,National Socialism,(New York,1969);Charles P.Kindelberger,The World in Depression,1929~1939(Berkeley,Cal.,1986);和Hugh Thomas,The Spanish Civil War,rev.ed.(1977)。

为了理解那些转变公共事务的思想潮流,最好是阅读原著。下面是一些最有影响的著作:Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels,The Communist Manifesto(1848 and available in numerous reprints)短小精悍;Adolf Hitler, Mein Kampf(New York,1939)极其冗长而不着边际,但是“法西斯主义”一文最初发表在Encyclopedia Italiana,而且经常被重印——例如,本尼托·墨索里尼,Fascism:Doctrine and Institutions(New York,1968)一书就收录了此文——就比较简短而清晰。Sigmund Freud, The Interpretation of Dreams (初版于1899年;1987年纽约重印),既简短又有趣;Albert Einstein,The Meaning of Relativity,5th ed.(New York,1956)非常成功地把抽象的物理学变得普通读者也能理解。有帮助的二手著作包括:Stuart Hughes,Consciousness and Society:the Reorientation of European Social Thought,1890~1930,rev.ed.(New York,1977);James H.Billington,Fire in the Minds of Men:Origins of the Revolutionary Faith(New York,1980);和Jim Sampson,ed.,The Late Romantic Era:From mid-Nineteenth Century to World War I(Englewood Cliffs,N.J.,1991)。

第二次世界大战促使战胜国编纂了大量的官方史学论著。最令人印象深刻的是Samuel Morrison的History of U.S.Naval Operations in World War II,15 vols.(Boston,1947~1962)。J.V.Stalin, On the Great Patriotic War of the Soviet Union(New York,1945)给出了完全不同的观点。较早的综合性分析现在被Gerhand L.Weinberg,A World at Arms:A Global History of World War II(Cambridge,1994)超越了。对于那些被Weinberg那1178页大作吓倒的读者来说,Gordon Wright的富有洞见的 The Ordeal of Total War,1939~1945(New York,1966)也许值得推荐。Albert Speer,Inside the Third Reich(New York,1970)提供了内部人士对纳粹战争努力的叙述;Alan S.Milward,War,Economy and Society,1939~1945(Berkeley,Cal.,1977)是一部内容广阔、学术性强的关于战争动员如何影响参战国的著作。

冷战也产生了大量的史学论著。John L.Gaddis,The Long Peace:Inquiries into the History of the Cold War(New York,1987),是一部很好的入门读物。Walter LaFeber,America,Russia and the Cold War,1945~1992,6th ed.(New York,1991)是一本著名的教材。关于其他方面,见Lawrence S.Kaplan,NATO and the United States:The Enduring Alliance(Boston,1988);Derek W.Unwin,The Community of Europe:A History of European Integration since1945 (New York,1991);Peter R.Odell,Oil and World Power, 8th ed.(New York,1986);R.F.Holland,European Decolonization,1918~1981(New York,1985);Robert Gilpin,The Political Economy of International Relations(Princeton,1987);Werner J.Feld,Nongovernmental Forces and World Politics:A Study of Business,Labor and Political Groups(New York,1972);以及Robert O.Keohane and Joseph S.Nye,Jr.,eds.,Transnational Relations and World Politics(Cambridge,Mass.,1972)。指导美国冷战政策的一些观念最初由George F.Kennan清醒地认识到,并且发表在他优雅的小书 American Diplomacy,1900~1950(Chicago,1951)中。

联合国每年都编辑出版世界人口统计,经常发布一些专题研究,如Consequences of Rapid Population Growth in Developing Countries(New York,1991)。关于独立的学术评估,见D.Gale Johnson and Ronald D.Lee,eds.,Population Growth and Economic Development:Issues and Evidence(Madison,Wisc.,1987)。关于生育率下降,Ansley J.Coale and Susan Cotts Watkins,eds.,The Decline of Fertility in Europe(Princeton,1986)是权威的著作。