第四部分进一步阅读书目(第3/5页)

关于即时通讯及其社会影响,至今还未出现满意的全球性研究,但是可以参考:Gerald W.Brock,The Telecommunications Industry(Cambridge,Mass.,1981);Daniel J.Czitrom, Media and the American Mind (Chapel Hill,N.C.,1982);和Ernst Braun and Stuart McDonald,Revolution in Miniature:The History and Impact of Semiconductor Electronics,2nd ed.(Cambridge,Mass.,1982)。Richard Critchfield,The Villagers:Changed Values,Altered Lives and the Closing of the Urban-Rural Gap(New York,1994),提供了最近乡村态度变化的一系列最新的和令人信服的个案研究。

西方人常常假定,他们中间发生的事情就是全世界的走向,现代通信使这种假设并没有比过去更少误导。但是对新观念和新技术的反动也是各种各样的,下面提及的著作在某种程度上表明了世界各地的多样性。

非洲。除了上述第二、第三部分进一步阅读书目说明中列举的之外,下列著作值得留意。Paul Bohannan and Philip D.Curtin,Africa and Africans,3rded.(Prospect Heights,Ill.,1988)是一部特别优秀的通史教材;Roland Oliver,The African Experience(New York,1991)简明地归纳了他对非洲历史和社会的毕生研究成果。关于奴隶制,Patrick Manning, Slavery and African Life:Occidental,Oriental and African Slave Trades(Cambridge,1990),是近代非洲最独特的历史统计研究。关于非殖民化的总体研究,试试Prosser Gifford and William Roger Louis,eds.,Decolonization and African Independence:The Transfers of Power,1960~1980(New Haven,Conn.,1988)。关于南非种族关系的心酸描述,Alan Paton的小说Cry the Beloved Country(New York,1948)是最有教益的。关于非洲最终成功地抵制了种族隔离,见Sheridan Johns and R.Hunt Davis,eds.,Mandela,Tambo,and the African National Congress:The Struggle against Apartheid,1948~1990(New York,1991)。

伊斯兰教世界。在第三部分进一步阅读书目说明中“伊斯兰教世界”条目下列举的著作都涉及了更近的时代。Ira M.Lapidus,A History of Islamic Societies(Cambridge,Mass.,1988)是近来对伊斯兰教各国整体进行解释的著作中最具抱负的,但是不能取代Marshall G.S.Hodgson,The Venture of Islam,3 vols.(Chicago,1974)。还可参见Edmund Burke III and Ira M.Lapidus,Islam,Politics and Social Movements(Berkeley,1988);Charles P.Issawi,An Economic History of the Middle East and North Africa(New York,1982);和Elie Kedourie,Politics in the Middle East(Oxford,1992)。

关于阿拉伯—以色列冲突,中立的论述似乎仍然是不可能的,但是Sydney D.Bailey,Four Arab-Israeli Wars and the Peace Process(Bastingstock,UK,1990);J.C.Hurewitz,The Struggle for Palestine,rev.ed.(New York,1978)和Ian Lustick,Arabs in the Jewish State:Israils Control of a National Minority(Austin,Tex.,1980),作了尝试。关于针锋相对的观点,见Lawrence A.Hoffman,ed.,The Land of Israel:Jewish Perspectives(Notre Dame,Ind.,1986)与Edward W.Said,The Question of Palestine(New York,1980)。

关于伊朗1979年革命,见Nikki R.Keddie,Roots of Revolution:An Interpretive History of Modern Iran(New Haven,Conn.,1981);Roy P.Mottahedeh,The Mantle of the Prophet:Religion and Politics in Iran(New York,1985);和James A.Bill, The Eagle and the Lion:The Tragedy of American-Iranian Relations (New Haven,Conn.,1988)。关于伊拉克,见Phoebe Marr,The Modern History of Iraq(Boulder,Col.,1985);Mario Farouk-Sluglett and Peter Sluglett,Iraq since1958:From Revolution to Dictatorship(London,1990);和Efraim Karsh and Inari Rautsi,Saddam Hussein:A Political Biography(New York,1991)。

关于土耳其:Niyazi Berkes,The Development of Secularism in Turkey(Montreal,1964);Walter F.Weiker,The Modernization of Turkey:From Ataturk to the Present Day(New York,1981);和C.H.Dodd,The Crisis of Turkish Democracy,2nd ed.(Huntingdon,Cal.,1990),讨论了一个世俗政权的成功和重重困难。关于埃及现代史,见Arthur E.Goldschmidt,Jr., Modern Egypt:The Formation of a Nation State(Boulder,Col.,1988);Panayiotis J.Vatikiotis,The History of Modern Egypt,from Muhammad Ali to Mubarak,4th ed.(Baltimore,Md.,1991);和Derek Hopwood,Egypt:Politics and Society,1945~1990,3rded.(London,1991)。